In modern manufacturing, CNC machine tools play a vital role. They are characterized by high precision, high efficiency and high degree of automation, which greatly promotes the development of industrial production. There are many types of CNC machine tools, and different types of machine tools have different styles, basic functions, advantages and applicable scenarios.

Classification by controlled motion trajectory

1. Point-controlled CNC machine tools

Basic function introduction: Point-controlled CNC machine tools are mainly used to process hole systems in the plane. Its task is to accurately control the position of the tool from one point to another, and there is no strict requirement for the motion trajectory between the two points.
Advantages: It has extremely high positioning accuracy and can accurately perform processing operations at the specified position. The programming is relatively simple and easy to use.
Applicable scenarios: It is widely used in the fields of drilling holes in electronic circuit boards and positioning hole processing of mechanical parts. For example, in mobile phone manufacturing, point-controlled CNC machine tools can accurately process various connection holes to ensure the assembly accuracy of mobile phone components.

2. Linear control CNC machine tools

Introduction to basic functions: In addition to accurately controlling the position of the tool, linear control CNC machine tools can also control the tool to cut along a straight line, and can adjust the cutting speed.
Advantages: It can efficiently process parts with straight contours, with high processing accuracy and fast speed. It is very suitable for the processing of some simple shaft parts and plane parts.
Applicable scenarios: In automobile manufacturing, it can be used to process straight contour parts such as engine crankshafts and camshafts. In mold manufacturing, it can also be used to process some mold parts with straight edges.

3. Contour control CNC machine tools

Introduction to basic functions: Contour control CNC machine tools can control two or more coordinate axes at the same time, so that the tool can be processed according to the predetermined contour. Various complex curved surfaces and curved parts can be processed.
Advantages: High processing accuracy and strong flexibility. It can meet the processing needs of complex parts and provide designers with greater creative space.
Applicable scenarios: It is widely used in the aerospace field, such as processing aircraft engine blades, key components of spacecraft, etc. In medical device manufacturing, it can also be used to process complex parts such as high-precision artificial joints.

Classification by the characteristics of the drive device

1. Open-loop control CNC machine tools

Basic function introduction: Open-loop control CNC machine tools do not have position detection feedback devices, and the command signal flow issued by the CNC device is unidirectional.
Advantages: Simple structure and low cost. Relatively easy to maintain, very practical for some occasions where machining accuracy is not high.
Applicable scenarios: Suitable for rough machining of some simple parts, or the initial production stage of some small enterprises. For example, in the processing of some small hardware products, open-loop control CNC machine tools can meet basic processing needs.

2. Closed-loop control CNC machine tools

Basic function introduction: Closed-loop control CNC machine tools are equipped with position detection feedback devices, which can detect the actual position of the machine tool workbench in real time and compare it with the command value to achieve precise position control.
Advantages: Extremely high machining accuracy, which can ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of parts. Good stability, suitable for the machining of high-precision parts.
Applicable scenarios: Mainly used in high-precision fields such as precision instrument manufacturing and medical equipment. For example, in optical instrument manufacturing, closed-loop control CNC machine tools can process high-precision lens molds and optical parts.

3. Semi-closed loop control CNC machine tools

Basic function introduction: The semi-closed loop control CNC machine tool detection device is installed on the motor shaft or the screw shaft to indirectly measure the actual position of the workbench.
Advantages: The accuracy and stability are between open loop and closed loop, the structure is relatively simple, and the cost is moderate. While ensuring a certain accuracy, it has a high cost performance.
Applicable scenarios: It is suitable for most processing occasions with medium precision requirements, such as the processing of general mechanical parts and the manufacturing of automotive parts.

The classification of CNC machine tools is rich and varied, and different types of CNC machine tools play their own unique roles in modern manufacturing. Understanding the classification, basic functions, advantages and applicable scenarios of CNC machine tools will help us better choose suitable machine tools, improve production efficiency and product quality, and promote the development of manufacturing industry towards intelligence and high precision.